Your credit report is one of the most important documents in your financial life. Lenders, landlords, employers, and insurers often use it to make decisions about your eligibility and risk profile. That’s why it's crucial that your credit report is accurate.

But what happens when you spot an error—like a late payment you didn’t miss, an account that’s not yours, or outdated negative information?

The good news is: You have the legal right to dispute errors on your credit report—and it’s free to do so.

In this article, we’ll walk you through how to dispute a credit report the right way to protect your credit score and financial reputation.

Why It’s Important to Monitor and Correct Your Credit Report

Even small inaccuracies can have a big impact. Errors can:

  • Lower your credit score
  • Prevent you from qualifying for loans or favorable interest rates
  • Affect your ability to rent housing or land a job

According to a study by the FTC, 1 in 5 consumers had an error on at least one of their credit reports. That’s why checking and disputing your credit report is not just smart—it’s essential.

Step 1: Get a Copy of Your Credit Report

You’re entitled to a free credit report every 12 months from each of the three major credit bureaus:

  • Equifax
  • Experian
  • TransUnion

Where to request: Visit AnnualCreditReport.com, the only authorized website under federal law for free reports.

Pro tip: During certain times (such as economic downturns or the COVID-19 pandemic), bureaus may offer free weekly reports.

Step 2: Review Your Report Carefully

Look for the following common errors:

  • Accounts that aren’t yours
  • Duplicate accounts
  • Incorrect balances or credit limits
  • Payments reported as late when they were on time
  • Accounts still listed as open when they’re closed (or vice versa)
  • Identity errors like misspelled names, wrong addresses, or incorrect Social Security numbers

Flag anything that looks suspicious or inaccurate.

Step 3: Gather Supporting Documentation

Before you file a dispute, collect evidence that supports your claim. This may include:

  • Bank statements
  • Payment confirmations
  • Identity theft reports (if applicable)
  • Letters or emails from creditors
  • Canceled checks

Attach clear, legible copies—never originals.

Step 4: File a Dispute With the Credit Bureau(s)

You must file a dispute with each bureau reporting the error. You can do this online, by mail, or by phone, but written disputes by mail are often the most thorough and best documented.

  • Equifax Dispute Center
  • Experian Dispute Center
  • TransUnion Dispute Page

If mailing your dispute:

Include the following:

  • Your full name and address
  • A clear explanation of what you’re disputing
  • A copy of the report with the error highlighted
  • Copies of your supporting documents

Send your letter via certified mail with return receipt requested. This provides proof it was received.

Sample Dispute Letter:

To: [Credit Bureau Name]

Re: Dispute of Credit Report Entry

Dear [Equifax/Experian/TransUnion],

I am writing to dispute the following information on my credit report. The item(s) listed below are inaccurate and I request they be investigated and corrected.

Account Name: [Name]

Account Number: [123456789]

Reason for Dispute: [e.g., Not My Account / Paid in Full]

Attached are documents supporting my claim. Please complete the investigation and update my report accordingly.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]

⏱ Step 5: Wait for the Investigation

The credit bureau has 30 days (sometimes up to 45) to investigate and respond. During this time, they will:

  • Contact the data furnisher (the company that reported the information)
  • Review your documentation
  • Make a decision about the validity of the dispute

You’ll receive the results in writing, along with a free updated credit report if changes were made.

Step 6: Follow Up if Necessary

If your dispute is successful:

  • The error will be corrected or removed
  • Your score may improve, depending on the item

If your dispute is rejected or marked as "verified":

  • You can file a new dispute with additional documentation
  • Or file a complaint with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) at consumerfinance.gov

You also have the right to:

  • Request the credit bureau include a 100-word statement of dispute on your report
  • Dispute the item directly with the furnishing company (like a bank or creditor)

Bonus Tip: Freeze Your Credit if You Suspect Identity Theft

If the error involves fraudulent accounts or unauthorized activity, take further action:

  • File an identity theft report at identitytheft.gov
  • Freeze your credit with all three bureaus to prevent further damage

Final Thoughts

Disputing a credit report may seem intimidating, but it’s a critical step toward maintaining a healthy financial profile. With a little attention and some paperwork, you can correct mistakes that may otherwise cost you thousands of dollars over time.

Check your report regularly. Dispute errors immediately. Protect your credit.